With count nouns :
an + other + singular noun (one more)
- another pencil -> one more pencil
the + other + singular nouns (last of the set)
- the other pencil -> the last pencil present
other + plural noun (more of the set)
- other pencil -> some more pencil
the other + plural noun (the rest of the set)
- the other pencil -> all remaining pencil
With non count nouns :